Key Findings
Growth in the demand for safety and electronic features in passenger car and regulation assigning automotive safety technology has been driving the global automotive wiring harness market. Growing automotive industry is one of the major factor increasing the demand for the automotive harness in the global market. The use of automotive harness is to enhance the quality of the vehicles. The rising demand for electrical vehicles has increased the demand for the light weight and compact wiring harness in the global market. In 2014, around 23.6 million units of light weight vehicles were sold in China only, whereas in North America around 19.5 million, in Europe around 18.3 million units were sold. These numbers have been increased to 31.7 million in China, 21.4million in Europe and 20.2 million in North America. Thus the increasing sales of the light weight vehicles across the globe is driving the global market. Though, the market is poised to display substantial growth during the forecasted period due to the presence of various driving factors, but there are some constraints such assafe disposal of used wiring harness and short circuit in harness due to overheating have been hindering the growth in the global automotive wiring harness market. Growing automotive safety norms in developing countries and increasing technological advancements are the key opportunities available in the global market.Growing automotive safety norms in the emerging countries is one of the major factor increasing the growth in the automotive market of emerging countries. In Asia Pacific,China is the biggest manufacturer and consumer of light weight vehicles.
Market Segment Insight
The global automotive wiring harness market is segmented into vehicle type, application and geography. The application segment is segmented into chassis wiring harness, body wiring harness, engine wiring harness, HVAC wiring harness and speed sensors wiring harness. In the application segment,HAVC wiring harness holds the largest market share. Whereas the speed sensor wiring harness is expected to grow with an impressive CAGR during the forecasted period. The growth is majorly impacted by the increasing demand for light weight and speed cars in the global market.The vehicle type segment is segmented into commercial vehicles, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, passenger car and two wheelers. In vehicles type segment, electric vehicles holds the large market share.
Regional Insight
Globally, the automotive wiring harness markethas been segmented intoNorth America, Europe, APAC and ROW. Asia Pacific region holds the largest market share in the global automotive wiring harness market followed by Europe.Asia Pacific’slarge market share is majorly attributed by the presence of the stringent regulation for the safety and security for the transportation, In Asia Pacific,China holds the largest market share. Increasing demand for the heavy vehicles and rising penetration of high end electronic features in passenger cars in the Asia Pacific region is also injecting the positive growth opportunity in the global market. However, Europe market has been expected to grow with eye popping CAGR during the forecasted period 2016-2022. The growth in Europe region is majorly driven by the growth in the demand of safety and electronic features in passenger car and rising demand for the light weight vehicles in the region. Europe is the hub of automotive manufacturers in the world. European automotive industry is very renowned in the world for its safety features and high end electronics in the vehicles. In Europe Germany holds the largest market share followed by the UK, France and Italy. Europe market has been expected to grow with a high CAGR during the forecasted period. North America automotive wiring harness market is driven by the increasing demand for the connected and compact vehicles in the region. In North America region, US holds the largest market share, whereas Canada market has been expected to register high growth rate during the forecasted period. In North America, majority of the vehicles are equipped with safety features and high end electronics.
Competitive Insights
Some of the keymarket playersare Aisin Seiki Co., Delphi Automotive LLP, Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd, Minda Automotive Solution, Nexans Autoelectric,PKC Group PLC, THB Group, Tianjin Jin-Zhu Wiring Systems Co. Ltd. and Yazaki Corporation.Mergers, product development, joint ventures and expansions are the key strategies adopted by the market players to sustain in the market.
CHAP 1. METHODOLOGY & SCOPE 11
1.1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 11
1.2. RESEARCH SCOPE & ASSUMPTIONS 11
1.3. LIST OF DATA SOURCES 11
CHAP 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 12
2.1. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET SUMMARY & KEY BUYING CRITERIA 12
2.2. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET OUTLOOK 12
2.3. MARKET SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS 12
2.4. MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH PROSPECTS 2012-2022 12
2.5. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 12
2.6. VENDOR LANDSCAPE 12
CHAP 3. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS 13
3.1. MARKET DRIVER ANALYSIS 13
3.1.1. GROWTH IN THE DEMAND OF SAFETY AND ELECTRONIC FEATURES IN PASSENGER CAR 13
3.1.2. REGULATION ASSIGNING AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY TECHNOLOGY 13
3.1.3. RISING DEMAND FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES 13
3.2. MARKET RESTRAINT ANALYSIS 13
3.2.1. SAFE DISPOSAL OF USED WIRING HARNESS 13
3.2.2. SHORT CIRCUIT IN HARNESS DUE TO OVER HEATING 13
3.3. KEY OPPORTUNITIES 13
3.3.1. GROWING AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY NORMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 13
3.3.2. INCREASING TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS 13
3.4. CHALLENGES 13
3.4.1. VOLATILE RAW MATERIAL PRICES 13
CHAP 4. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 14
4.1. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET– PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL 14
4.2. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET– PESTEL ANALYSIS 14
4.3. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET– GAP ANALYSIS 14
CHAP 5. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.1. GLOBAL COMMERCIAL VEHICLES MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.2. GLOBAL ELECTRIC VEHICLES MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.3. GLOBAL HYBRID VEHICLES MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.4. GLOBAL PASSENGER CAR MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.5. GLOBAL TWO WHEELERS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
CHAP 6. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.1. GLOBAL CHASSIS WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.2. GLOBAL BODY WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.3. GLOBAL ENGINE WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.4. GLOBAL HVAC WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.5. GLOBAL SPEED SENSORS WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
CHAP 7. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET REGIONAL OUTLOOK 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.1. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2. NORTH AMERICA 17
7.2.1. NORTH AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.2. NORTH AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3. NORTH AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3.1. U.S. 17
7.2.3.1.1. U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3.1.2. U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3.2. CANADA 17
7.2.3.2.1. CANADA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3.2.2. CANADA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.3. EUROPE 17
7.3.1. EUROPE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.3.2. EUROPE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.3.3. EUROPE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.3.3.1. GERMANY 17
7.3.3.1.1. GERMANY MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.1.2. GERMANY MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.2. UK 18
7.3.3.2.1. UK MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.2.2. UK MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.3. FRANCE 18
7.3.3.3.1. FRANCE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.3.2. FRANCE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.4. RUSSIA 18
7.3.3.4.1. RUSSIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.4.2. RUSSIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.5. REST OF EUROPE 18
7.3.3.5.1. ROE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST2012-2022($MILLION) 19
7.3.3.5.2. ROE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022($MILLION) 19
7.4. ASIA PACIFIC 19
7.4.1. ASIA PACIFIC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.2. ASIA PACIFIC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3. ASIA PACIFIC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.1. CHINA 19
7.4.3.1.1. CHINA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.1.2. CHINA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.2. INDIA 19
7.4.3.2.1. INDIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.2.2. INDIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.3. JAPAN 19
7.4.3.3.1. JAPAN MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.3.2. JAPAN MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($MILLION) 19
7.4.3.4. ROAPAC 19
7.4.3.4.1. ROAPAC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS 2012-2022($MILLION) 20
7.4.3.4.2. ROAPAC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022($MILLION) 20
7.5. REST OF THE WORLD 20
7.5.1. REST OF THE WORLD MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.2. REST OF THE WORLD MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3. REST OF THE WORLD MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3.1. LATIN AMERICA 20
7.5.3.1.1. LATIN AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3.1.2. LATIN AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3.2. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 20
7.5.3.2.1. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3.2.2. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
CHAP 8. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 21
8.1. AISIN SEIKI CO. 22
8.1.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.1.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.1.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.1.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.2. DELPHI AUTOMOTIVE LLP 22
8.2.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.2.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.2.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.2.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.3. FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO. LTD 22
8.3.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.3.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.3.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.3.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.4. LEAR CORPORATION 22
8.4.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.4.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.4.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.4.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.5. LEONI AG 22
8.5.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.5.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.5.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.5.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.6. MINDA AUTOMOTIVE SOLUTION 22
8.6.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.6.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.6.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.6.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.7. NEXANS AUTOELECTRIC 23
8.7.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.7.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.7.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.7.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.8. PKC GROUP PLC 23
8.8.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.8.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.8.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.8.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.9. SAMVARDHANA MOTHERSON GROUP 23
8.9.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.9.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.9.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.9.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.10. SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES 23
8.10.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.10.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.10.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.10.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.11. THB GROUP 23
8.11.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.11.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.11.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.11.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.12. TIANJIN JIN-ZHU WIRING SYSTEMS CO. LTD. 24
8.12.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 24
8.12.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 24
8.12.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 24
8.12.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 24
8.13. YAZAKI CORPORATION 24
8.13.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 24
8.13.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 24
8.13.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 24
8.13.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 24
8.14. YURA CO. LTD. 24
8.14.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 24
8.14.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 24
8.14.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 24
8.14.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 24
TABLE 1 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 2 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 3 NORTH AMERICA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 4 NORTH AMERICA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 5 EUROPE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 6 EUROPE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 7 ASIA PACIFIC GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 8 ASIA PACIFIC GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 9 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 10 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 11 LATIN AMERICA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 12 LATIN AMERICA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 1 MARKET SHARE BY REGIONS 25
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL COMMERCIAL VEHICLES MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL ELECTRIC VEHICLES MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL HYBRID VEHICLES MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 5 GLOBAL PASSENGER CAR MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL TWO WHEELERS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL CHASSIS WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL BODY WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL ENGINE WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL HVAC WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL SPEED SENSORS WIRING HARNESS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 12 NORTH AMERICA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 13 EUROPE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 14 ASIA PACIFIC GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 15 U.S. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 16 U.S. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 17 CANADA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 18 CANADA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION, 2012 –2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 19 GERMANY GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 20 GERMANY METABOLOMICS TECHNOLOGY MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 21 UK GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 22 UK GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 23 FRANCE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 24 FRANCE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 25 RUSSIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 26 RUSSIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
FIGURE 27 ROE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 28 ROE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 29 CHINA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 30 CHINA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 31 INDIA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 32 INDIA GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 33 JAPAN GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 34 JAPAN GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 35 ROAPAC GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 36 ROAPAC GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE WIRING HARNESS MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27