Swine Feed Market By Feed Type (Pig Grower Feed, Sow Feed, Starter Feed), By Feed Additives Type (Amino Acids, Antibiotics, Antioxidants, Feed Acidifiers, Feed Enzymes, Vitamins), Industry Size, Growth, Share And Forecast To 2022

Published By: Brisk Insights | Published On: Jul 27, 2016

Key Findings


The extensive increase in pork production and rising apprehensions related to the quality of pork meat is driving the growth of the global swine feed market. The rising production of pork is the major driving factor of the swine feed market. China is the largest producer of pork in the world, producing approx. 53,500MT pork every year. The EU-27 has an estimated pork production of 23,230MT every year,making it the second largest producer of pork in the world. Moreover, the United State produces with production of around 11,334MT pork every year is third largest in the world. The growing pig population is also injecting huge growth scope in the global swine feed market. In 2013, around 978 million pigs were present across the world,this number is expected to cross the 1.5 billion mark by the end of 2022. Out of 978 million pigs, around 485 million pigs are present in China only. Which accounts for around 50% of the world’stotal pig population. The United State of America has the second largest pig population in the world which has accounted for around 68 million pigs in 2013. Brazil, Russia, Vietnam, Canada, Philippines, Japan, and Mexico are few of the leading producers of pork in the world. Moreover, the United States and Europe-27 are the largest pork exporter across the globe, accounting for a combined sum of around 32% of total pork export of world, for both the regions. Though, the market growth is fueled by various factors, there are some factors such as frequent occurrencesof pathogenic diseases in pork meat and related products that is hindering the growth in the global swine feed market. High return on investment and growing demand for pork meat from emerging countries are the key opportunities available in the global market. Moreover, there are some challenges such as instability in feed prices which are expected to hamper the growth of the global swine feed market.


Market Segment Insight


The global Swine feed market is segmented into feed type, feed additives type, and geography. The feed type segment is divided into pig grower feed, sow feed, starter feed and others.The feed additives type is segmented into amino acids, antibiotics, antioxidants, feed acidifiers, feed enzymes, vitamins and others. The swine feed holds the largest market share in the global market. As the swine feed are rich in fiber content, minerals, and vitamins that bids numerous nutritional benefits for swine.


Regional Insight


Globally, the swine feed market is segmented intoNorth America, Europe, APAC,and ROW. Asia Pacific region holds the largest market share in the global swine feed market, followed by North America. The large market share of Asia Pacific region is majorly driven by the substantial rise in the pork production in the region resulting in the growing pig population in the Asia Pacific region. The Asia Pacific market is expected to grow with an impulsive CAGR during the forecast period. The impulsive growth in swine feed market can be attributed to increasing population of pigs in emerging countries like China and other South Asian countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Philippines. China is the largest country in the world which holds around 48% of pork production across the world. The rising demand from South Asian countries is expected to uplift the Asia Pacific swine feed market. The North America is the second largest market for swine feed market. Also, the North America has the second largest pig populationamongst all the regions. The growing demand for swine feed and swine feed additives in the region is expected to boost the growth of the North American region.


Competitive Insights


Some of the keymarket playersare Alltech, Inc.; Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM); BASF SE; Cargill, Inc.; Charoen Pokphand Foods PCL; Chr. Hansen Holdings A/S; De Hues; Heiskell & CO.; Novus International, Inc.; Royal DSM N.V.Acquisitions, mergers, product development, joint ventures,and expansions are the key strategies adopted by the market players to sustain in the market.Chr. Hansen & Nutritional Physiology, the strategy for acquiring the NPC by Chr. Hansen’s animal health business which provides opportunities to synergies within sales, including cross-selling, supply chain improvements and innovation. These is to be achieved in the coming 2 years. The acquisition price is an amount of $185 million. And in 2014, DSM and Patheon, the motive of this joint venture is to add scale, new value chain capabilities, technology, and comprehensive solution provider to pharmaceutical industry. The joint venture amounted to around $2.6 billion between JLL partners and DSM.

CHAP 1. METHODOLOGY & SCOPE 11
1.1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 11
1.2. RESEARCH SCOPE & ASSUMPTIONS 11
1.3. LIST OF DATA SOURCES 11


CHAP 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 12
2.1. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET SUMMARY & KEY BUYING CRITERIA 12
2.2. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET OUTLOOK 12
2.3. MARKET SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS 12
2.4. MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH PROSPECTS 2012-2022 12
2.5. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 12
2.6. VENDOR LANDSCAPE 12


CHAP 3. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET 13
3.1. MARKET DRIVER ANALYSIS 13
3.1.1. SUBSTANTIAL RISE IN PORK PRODUCTION 13
3.1.2. RISING APPREHENSIONS RELATED TO QUALITY OF PORK MEAT 13
3.1.3. GROWING POPULATION OF PIGS 13
3.2. MARKET RESTRAINT ANALYSIS 13
3.2.1. OCCURRENCE OF PATHOGENIC DISEASES 13
3.3. KEY OPPORTUNITIES 13
3.3.1. HIGH RETURN ON INVESTMENT 13
3.3.2. GROWING DEMAND FOR PORK MEAT FROM EMERGING COUNTRIES 13
3.4. CHALLENGES 13
3.4.1. INSTABILITY IN FEED PRICES 13


CHAP 4. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 14
4.1. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET– PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL 14
4.2. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET– PESTEL ANALYSIS 14
4.3. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET– GAP ANALYSIS 14

CHAP 5. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET BY FEED TYPE 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.1. GLOBAL PIG GROWER FEED MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.2. GLOBAL SOW FEaED MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.3. GLOBAL STARTER FEED MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15
5.4. GLOBAL OTHERS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 15


CHAP 6. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET BY FEED ADDITIVES TYPE 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.1. GLOBAL AMINO ACIDS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.2. GLOBAL ANTIBIOTICS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.3. GLOBAL ANTIOXIDANTS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.4. GLOBAL FEED ACIDIFIERS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.5. GLOBAL FEED ENZYMES MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.6. GLOBAL VITAMINS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16
6.7. GLOBAL OTHERS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 16


CHAP 7. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET REGIONAL OUTLOOK 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.1. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2. NORTH AMERICA 17
7.2.1. NORTH AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.2. NORTH AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3. NORTH AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3.1. U.S. 17
7.2.3.1.1. U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3.1.2. U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3.2. CANADA 17
7.2.3.2.1. CANADA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.2.3.2.2. CANADA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.3. EUROPE 17
7.3.1. EUROPE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.3.2. EUROPE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.3.3. EUROPE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 17
7.3.3.1. GERMANY 17
7.3.3.1.1. GERMANY MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.1.2. GERMANY MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.2. UK 18
7.3.3.2.1. UK MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.2.2. UK MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.3. FRANCE 18
7.3.3.3.1. FRANCE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.3.2. FRANCE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.4. RUSSIA 18
7.3.3.4.1. RUSSIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.4.2. RUSSIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 18
7.3.3.5. REST OF EUROPE 18
7.3.3.5.1. ROE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.3.3.5.2. ROE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4. ASIA PACIFIC 19
7.4.1. ASIA PACIFIC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.2. ASIA PACIFIC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3. ASIA PACIFIC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.1. CHINA 19
7.4.3.1.1. CHINA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.1.2. CHINA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.2. INDIA 19
7.4.3.2.1. INDIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.2.2. INDIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.3. JAPAN 19
7.4.3.3.1. JAPAN MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.3.2. JAPAN MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 19
7.4.3.4. ROAPAC 19
7.4.3.4.1. ROAPAC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.4.3.4.2. ROAPAC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5. REST OF THE WORLD 20
7.5.1. REST OF THE WORLD MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.2. REST OF THE WORLD MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3. REST OF THE WORLD MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3.1. LATIN AMERICA 20
7.5.3.1.1. LATIN AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3.1.2. LATIN AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3.2. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 20
7.5.3.2.1. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20
7.5.3.2.2. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 20


CHAP 8. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 21
8.1. ABF PLC. 22
8.1.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.1.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.1.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.1.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.2. ALLTECH, INC. 22
8.2.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.2.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.2.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.2.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.3. ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY (ADM) 22
8.3.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.3.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.3.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.3.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.4. BALLANCE AGRI-NUTRIENTS 22
8.4.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.4.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.4.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.4.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.5. BASF SE 22
8.5.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.5.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 22
8.5.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 22
8.5.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 22
8.6. CARGILL, INC. 22
8.6.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 22
8.6.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.6.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.6.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.7. CHAROEN POKPHAND FOODS PCL. 23
8.7.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.7.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.7.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.7.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.8. CHR. HANSEN HOLDINGS A/S 23
8.8.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.8.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.8.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.8.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.9. DE HUES 23
8.9.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.9.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.9.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.9.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.10. DEKALB FEEDS, INC. 23
8.10.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.10.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.10.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.10.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.11. HEISKELL & CO. 23
8.11.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 23
8.11.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 23
8.11.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 23
8.11.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 23
8.12. KENT FEEDS 24
8.12.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 24
8.12.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 24
8.12.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 24
8.12.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 24
8.13. LALLEMAND, INC. 24
8.13.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 24
8.13.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 24
8.13.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 24
8.13.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 24
8.14. NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC. 24
8.14.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 24
8.14.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 24
8.14.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 24
8.14.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 24
8.15. ROYAL DSM N.V. 24
8.15.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 24
8.15.2. SCOT ANALYSIS 24
8.15.3. PRODUCT BENCHMARKING 24
8.15.4. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 24

TABLE 1 GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET BY FEED TYPE 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 2 GLOBAL PIG GROWER FEED MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 3 GLOBAL SOW FEED MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 4 GLOBAL STARTER FEED MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 24
TABLE 5 GLOBAL OTHERS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 6 GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET BY FEED ADDITIVES TYPE 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 7 GLOBAL AMINO ACIDS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 8 GLOBAL ANTIBIOTICS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 9 GLOBAL ANTIOXIDANTS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 10 GLOBAL FEED ACIDIFIERS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 11 GLOBAL FEED ENZYMES MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 12 GLOBAL VITAMINS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 13 GLOBAL OTHERS MARKET 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 14 NORTH AMERICA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 15 NORTH AMERICA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 16 NORTH AMERICA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 17 U.S. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 18 U.S. GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 19 CANADA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 20 CANADA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 21 CANADA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 22 EUROPE GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 23 EUROPE GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 24 EUROPE GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 25
TABLE 25 GERMANY GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 26 GERMANY METABOLOMICS TECHNOLOGY MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 27 UK GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012 – 2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 28 UK GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 29 ASIA PACIFIC GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 30 ASIA PACIFIC GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY REGION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 31 ASIA PACIFIC GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 32 CHINA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 33 CHINA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 34 INDIA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 35 INDIA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 36 JAPAN GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 37 JAPAN GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 38 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 39 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 40 LATIN AMERICA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 26
TABLE 41 LATIN AMERICA GLOBAL SWINE FEED MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST BY APPLICATION 2012–2022 ($ MILLION) 26

FIGURE 1 MARKET SHARE BY REGION 27
FIGURE 2 UNITED STATES MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 3 CANADA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 4 MEXICO MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 5 EUROPE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 6 GERMANY MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 7 UK MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 8 FRANCE MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 9 APAC MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 10 CHINA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 11 INDIA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 12 JAPAN MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 13 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27
FIGURE 14 LATIN AMERICA MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST 2012-2022 ($ MILLION) 27

Choose License


Contact Information

: 24/7 Research Support

: sales@briskinsights.com

: +448081890034 (UK)